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?>
<div id="control-structures.else" class="sect1">
 <h2 class="title">else</h2>
 <p class="verinfo">(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)</p>
 <p class="para">
  经常需要在满足某个条件时执行一条语句，而在不满足该条件时执行其它语句，这正是
  <code class="literal">else</code> 的功能。<code class="literal">else</code> 延伸了
  <code class="literal">if</code> 语句，可以在 <code class="literal">if</code>
  语句中的表达式的值为 <strong><code><a href="reserved.constants.php#constant.false">false</a></code></strong> 时执行语句。例如以下代码在
  <var class="varname">$a</var> 大于 <var class="varname">$b</var> 时显示
  <span class="computeroutput">a is bigger than b</span>，反之则显示
  <span class="computeroutput">a is NOT bigger than b</span>：
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a </span><span style="color: #007700">&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$b</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br />  echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a is greater than b"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />} else {<br />  echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"a is NOT greater than b"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span></span></code></div>
   </div>

  </div>
  <code class="literal">else</code> 语句仅在 <code class="literal">if</code> 以及
  <code class="literal">elseif</code>（如果有的话）语句中的表达式的值为
  <strong><code><a href="reserved.constants.php#constant.false">false</a></code></strong> 时执行（参见 <a href="control-structures.elseif.php" class="link">elseif</a>）。
 </p>
  <blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">注意</strong>: 
  <strong>悬挂的 else</strong><br />
  <p class="para">
   在多层嵌套 <code class="literal">if</code>-<code class="literal">else</code> 语句的情况下，
   <code class="literal">else</code> 总是与最近的 <code class="literal">if</code> 进行关联。
   <div class="informalexample">
    <div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$a </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">false</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$b </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">true</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$a</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />    if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$b</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />        echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"b"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />else<br />    echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"c"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span></span></code></div>
    </div>

   </div>
   虽然存在缩进（对 PHP 来说，无关紧要）， 但是 <code class="literal">else</code> 还是与 <code class="literal">if ($b)</code> 
   进行关联，所以以上示例不会产生任何输出。虽然可以依赖此特性，但是推荐使用花括号，避免潜在的歧义问题。
  </p>
 </p></blockquote>
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