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?>
<div id="control-structures.for" class="sect1">
 <h2 class="title">for</h2>
 <p class="verinfo">(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)</p>
 <p class="para">
  <code class="literal">for</code> 循环是 PHP 中最复杂的循环结构。它的行为和
  C 语言的相似。 <code class="literal">for</code> 循环的语法是：
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
for (expr1; expr2; expr3)
    statement
</pre></div>
   </div>

  </div>
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  第一个表达式（<var class="varname">expr1</var>）在循环开始前无条件求值（并执行）一次。
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  <var class="varname">expr2</var> 在每次循环开始前求值。如果值为
  <strong><code><a href="reserved.constants.php#constant.true">true</a></code></strong>，则继续循环，执行嵌套的循环语句。如果值为 <strong><code><a href="reserved.constants.php#constant.false">false</a></code></strong>，则终止循环。
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  <var class="varname">expr3</var> 在每次循环之后被求值（并执行）。
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  每个表达式都可以为空或包括逗号分隔的多个表达式。表达式 <var class="varname">expr2</var>
  中，所有用逗号分隔的表达式都会计算，但只取最后一个结果。<var class="varname">expr2</var>
  为空意味着将无限循环下去（和 C 一样，PHP 暗中认为其值为
  <strong><code><a href="reserved.constants.php#constant.true">true</a></code></strong>）。这可能不像想象中那样没有用，因为经常会希望用有条件的 <a href="control-structures.break.php" class="link"><code class="literal">break</code></a>
  语句来结束循环而不是用 <code class="literal">for</code> 的表达式真值判断。
 </p>
 <p class="para">
  考虑以下的例子，它们都显示数字 1 到 10：
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* 示例 1 */<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">for (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">10</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">++) {<br />    echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* 示例 2 */<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">for (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">; ; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">++) {<br />    if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">10</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br />        break;<br />    }<br />    echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* 示例 3 */<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />for (;;) {<br />    if (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">10</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br />        break;<br />    }<br />    echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />    </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">++;<br />}<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* 示例 4 */<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #007700">for (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$j </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&lt;= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">10</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$j </span><span style="color: #007700">+= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">, print </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">++);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span></span></code></div>
   </div>

  </div>
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  当然，第一个例子看上去最简洁（或者有人认为是第四个），但用户可能会发现在
  <code class="literal">for</code> 循环中用空的表达式在很多场合下会很方便。
 </p>
 <p class="para">
  PHP 也支持用冒号的 <code class="literal">for</code> 循环的替代语法。
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="cdata"><pre>
for (expr1; expr2; expr3):
    statement;
    ...
endfor;
</pre></div>
   </div>

  </div>
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  有时经常需要像下面这样例子一样对数组进行遍历：
 </p>
 <p class="para">
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/*<br /> * 此数组将在遍历的过程中改变其中某些单元的值<br /> */<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$people </span><span style="color: #007700">= Array(<br />        Array(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'name' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Kalle'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">856412</span><span style="color: #007700">), <br />        Array(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'name' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Pierre'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">215863</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />        );<br /><br />for(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&lt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">count</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$people</span><span style="color: #007700">); ++</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />{<br />    </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$people</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt'</span><span style="color: #007700">] = </span><span style="color: #0000BB">rand</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">000000</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">999999</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span></span></code></div>
   </div>

  </div>
 </p>
 <p class="simpara">
  以上代码可能执行很慢，因为每次循环时都要计算一遍数组的长度。由于数组的长度始终不变，可以用一个中间变量来储存数组长度以优化而不是不停调用 <span class="function"><a href="function.count.php" class="function">count()</a></span>：
 </p>
 <p class="para">
  <div class="informalexample">
   <div class="example-contents">
<div class="phpcode"><code><span style="color: #000000"><span style="color: #0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$people </span><span style="color: #007700">= Array(<br />        Array(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'name' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Kalle'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">856412</span><span style="color: #007700">), <br />        Array(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'name' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'Pierre'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt' </span><span style="color: #007700">=&gt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">215863</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />        );<br /><br />for(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$size </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">count</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$people</span><span style="color: #007700">); </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i </span><span style="color: #007700">&lt; </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$size</span><span style="color: #007700">; ++</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">)<br />{<br />    </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$people</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$i</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'salt'</span><span style="color: #007700">] = </span><span style="color: #0000BB">rand</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">000000</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">999999</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?&gt;</span></span></code></div>
   </div>

  </div>
 </p>  
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